Even today, the appeal and relevance of the Vedas remain as high, as those were, earlier. The Vedas remain as the treasure-trove of ancient wisdom, and the sages and seers of the olden times have passed these through successive generations to the present times. These are the Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva Vedas, and they deal with different scriptural aspects. They are written and composed in the Sanskrit language and consist of a mass of religious texts written thousands of years ago. It is only when you understand the essence of the Vedas as expounded in the Upanishads and put into practice the message of the Vedanta, you will realize the true meaning of Advaita (Non-dualism).Vedas are hailed as one of the earliest scriptures of the world. While Veda is dualistic, Vedanta is Advaita (nondualistic). The essence of all the Vedas is to be found in them. The Upanishads come at the end of the Vedas. The Upanishads declared that the nature of the Supreme can be grasped only by the Path of Knowledge. This means that, of the four Purusharthas, the four main goals of man- Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha–the Vedas have been concerned with only the first three. Only the Upanishads have taught the Nirvritti Marga (the Path of Knowledge) by going within oneself. Hence the Vedas have been considered dualistic. These are concerned with the external world.
All the different branches of knowledge–physics, chemistry, botany, economics, music, etc.–are covered by the Vedas. The Vedas have been mainly concerned with the Pravritti Marga (the Path of Action). They taught men to face joy and sorrow with equal serenity. They have proclaimed the concept of oneness. They have taught the principle of samatwa (equality) in respect of everything. The Vedas have a universal outlook, embracing all that is noble and sacred. The Vedas have emphasized that man will be truly human only when he lives up to human values and practices the good life. All those who wish to develop discrimination should be deeply interested in the Vedas. A third meaning is viveka (discrimination). What is meant by Veda? One meaning is eruka (awareness). Sama Veda, which had 1000 branches, retains today only three branches. Likewise out of 96 branches of Yajur Veda only two have survived the ravages of time. Out of the 20 branches and 21 sub-branches of the Rg Veda, only three have survived today. All the Vedic mantras with their musical rendering were remembered by reflecting on the eight letters: “ A, Ka, Cha, Ta, Tha, Pa, Ya, Sa.” The great seers fostered the Vedas by the use of these letters.Įach of the Vedas had several saakhas (branches) and upasaakhas (sub-branches). The great sages who listened to these mantras as revelations from the Divine found the key to them in eight basic letters. The mantras, which form part of the Karma Kanda (the path of rituals), were regarded as conducive to the promotion of general well being and happiness. They were intended to secure timely rains so that the crops may be good and there may be prosperity all round. The Vedic mantras were utilized in yagas and yajnas (ritual sacrifices) for promoting the well being of society and the world. Each Veda has three sections: Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads. The mantras of the Yajur Veda are used in the performance of yagas and yajnas and in doing acts of charity. The Yajur Veda consists of mantras for worshipping the deities. The Rg Veda is mainly devoted to hymns in praise of various deities. Out of the countless number of hymns, Vyasa gathered some Rks and compiled them in the Rg Veda, collected some yajus to form the Yajur Veda and some Samans to make up the Sama Veda. Vyasa divided it into different parts to enable people to study as well as practice the teachings of the Veda. To study it considerable time and effort were needed. In the beginning there was only one Veda. The Vedas have been declared to be infinite and hence beyond the comprehension of common people.
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The Veda teaches how to achieve purity of heart, getting rid of impurities. Veda is derived from the root “ Vid“, which means, “to know”. They indicate the means to prosperity and security for the denizens of the three worlds. They proclaim the transcendental Truth, which is not changed by time or place. The Vedas are the recordings of sages to whom the mantras were revealed.
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